Nano-medicine

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  • 1  Research progress on the environmental distribution of micro- and nanoplastics and their nephrotoxicity
    WANG Yuhan LIU Yiwa ZHANG Chunmei LU Yinghan TAN Renjie LI Li SHI Ming
    2026, 44(3):385-392. DOI: 10.20227/j.cnki.2096-3610.2026.03.014
    [Abstract](39) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.29 M](6)
    Abstract:
    With the increasing global production and utilization of plastic products, micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) have emerged as pervasive environmental contaminants. Notably, MNPs have been detected in human kidneys, with growing evidence indicating their potential to induce renal dysfunction, structural damage, and subsequent health risks. Given the kidney's critical roles in waste excretion, endocrine regulation, blood pressure homeostasis, and the maintenance of fluid and acid-base balance, investigating the environmental distribution of MNPs and their nephrotoxic effects is of significant importance. This review synthesizes current research on the distribution of MNPs across various environmental media and their bioaccumulation in organisms, with a focus on recent advances in understanding their nephrotoxicity. By systematically evaluating the adverse effects of MNPs on renal health in both animals and humans, this study aims to provide a scientific basis for environmental monitoring and human health risk assessment.
    2  Advances in anti-tuberculosis function and mechanism of selenium nanoparticles
    CAI Jiali WANG Yiheng LI Jiaxiang ZHAO Daina PI Jiang
    2026, 44(2):155-164. DOI: 10.20227/j.cnki.2096-3610.2026.02.002
    [Abstract](807) [HTML](6) [PDF 1.56 M](21)
    Abstract:
    Selenium is an essential micronutrient that is incorporated into selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidase, to modulate lipid peroxidation and immune responses. These functions play pivotal roles in host defense against infection and control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) dissemination. As an emerging class of selenium-based medicines, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have demonstrated attractive anti-tuberculosis efficacy based on their exceptional bioactivity, superior safety profile, high drug-loading capacity, sustained-release kinetics, and enhanced targeting specificity. This review explores the relationship between selenium and the occurrence and development of tuberculosis, evaluates the potential of serum selenium as an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker, and outlines common preparation methods and characterization techniques for SeNPs. Furthermore, it systematically summarizes the anti-tuberculosis functions of SeNPs, detailing multiple anti-tuberculosis mechanisms, such as accelerating Mtb-lysosome fusion, modulating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, promoting M1 macrophage polarization, activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and collectively triggering autophagy and apoptosis in Mtb-infected macrophages, as well as their potential applications. These insights may support the development of new anti-tuberculosis technologies based on SeNPs.
    3  Preparation of carboxylated MCM-41/chitosan core-shell nanoparticles loaded with atrac‐ tylenolide Ⅲ and evaluation of their anti-rotavirus activity
    ZHOU Yunmei ZHANG Didong CHEN Jiabo RUAN Yongdui JIANG Xiaoying YU Junxian LIU Fenglin LI Yongshan LIN Minling ZHAO Wenchang SONG Lijun
    2026, 44(2):165-175. DOI: 10.20227/j.cnki.2096-3610.2026.02.003
    [Abstract](422) [HTML](12) [PDF 1.70 M](21)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Objective To improve the solubility of atractylenolide Ⅲ (ATL Ⅲ), this study prepared core-shell nanoparticles ATLⅢ-COOH-MCM-41@Ch using carboxylated mesoporous silica (COOH-MCM-41) loaded with ATLⅢ as the core and chitosan as the shell. The nanoparticles were systematically characterized, and their anti-rotavirus (RV) activity was evaluated to validate their application potential. Methods Amino-functionalized MCM-41 (NH2 -MCM-41) was synthesized via a co-condensation method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the template, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as the modifier, and tetraethyl orthosilicate as the silica source. COOH-MCM-41 was subsequently obtained through pH adjustment and carboxylation. Structural characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, laser particle size analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. ATLⅢ was loaded based on electrostatic self-assembly, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. Encapsulation was achieved via the adsorption between the -NH 2 groups of chitosan (Ch) and the -COOH groups of the carrier, forming ATL Ⅲ -COOH-MCM-41@Ch. Successful drug loading was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. The antiviral activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated using an RV-infected Caco-2 cell model. Results The target nanoparticles, ATLⅢ-COOH-MCM-41@Ch, were successfully synthesized. In vitro release experiments demonstrated that the nanoparticles exhibited accelerated release in simulated colonic fluid compared to simulated gastric fluid within 2 hours. At a concentration of 60 μmol/L, the nanoparticles exhibited 56.53% inhibition against the RV-Wa strain, significantly surpassing that of free ATLⅢ. Conclusion ATLⅢ-COOH-MCM- 41@Ch nanoparticles with favorable anti-RV activity were successfully prepared, providing a novel strategy for improving the druggability of poorly soluble and unstable compounds.
    4  Research progress on neurotoxic effects and mechanisms of micro and nano plastics
    LU Yinghan PAN Qi DENG Song LI Haipeng LI Li SHI Ming
    2026, 44(2):268-274. DOI: 10.20227/j.cnki.2096-3610.2026.02.015
    [Abstract](438) [HTML](5) [PDF 1.24 M](14)
    Abstract:
    With the wide application of plastic products globally, micro- and nano- plastics have attracted extensive attention as emerging environmental pollutants, which can infiltrate the human body through the digestive tract, respiratory tract, skin mucosa, etc., thereby exerting potential impacts on the human health. Recent studies have established that micro- and nano- plastics have toxic effects on the nervous system, and their toxic effects and the underlying mechanisms have attracted much attention within the field of neuroscience research. This paper summarizes the biological effects of micro - and nano - plastics on nerve cells, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis, as well as the neurotoxic mechanisms that damage the structure and function of cell membranes, cause oxidative stress and cellular inflammation, and lead to neurotransmitter imbalance and signal transduction disorders. It aims to provide references for reducing the harm of plastic particles to the nervous system.
    5  Recent advances in iron nanomaterials for cancer treatment
    YANG Xuanyu LIN Siqi ZHANG Qianqian LIU Yuting WANG Shuhui YANG Fen
    2026, 44(1):97-108. DOI: 10.20227/j.cnki.2096-3610.2026.01.012
    [Abstract](475) [HTML](10) [PDF 1.54 M](124)
    Abstract:
    The application and advancement of nanomaterials have addressed numerous challenges in daily life and industrial practices, with their implementation significantly optimizing outcomes. As a global health threat, cancer is characterized by its high incidence, mortality rates, and severe complications. For malignancies of varying types and anatomical locations, personalized engineering of iron-based nanomaterials loaded with specific anticancer drugs enables targeted therapeutic delivery. This strategy not only maximizes medication safety and efficacy for cancer patients but also reduces required dosages, thereby lowering biotoxicity and alleviating adverse reactions. Moreover, through adjustments in surface modification methods, material selection, structural configurations, metal combinations, and drug payloads, iron-based nanomaterials can be tailored to develop diverse therapeutic modalities and protocols. This article therefore presents the advantages of iron-based nanomaterials in tumor treatment, focusing on their capabilities for targeted drug delivery, low-dose precision therapy, and structural-functional versatility, while briefly elaborating on the underlying mechanisms. The discussion aims to provide valuable references for advancing personalized precision medicine utilizing iron-based nanomaterials.
    6  Application of endoscopic carbon nanoparticles injection combined with titanium clips in laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer
    LI Xia YANG Qiao
    2025, 43(5):553-558. DOI: 10.20227/j.cnki.2096-3610.2025.05.013
    [Abstract](670) [HTML](11) [PDF 1.08 M](138)
    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the application of endoscopically injected carbon nanoparticles combined with titanium clips in laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer. Methods 100 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer admitted to Pingxiang Second People's Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were included. The patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group using random number table method, with 50 patients in each group. Colonoscopy was performed before operation in both groups, and endoscopic injection of nano-carbon combined with a titanium clip was used before the operation in the experimental group. The localization effect, the total time of operation, the time of probing the lesion during operation, the amount of blood loss, the number of days in the hospital, the incidence of postoperative complications, and the lymph nodes were compared between the two groups. Results The coincidence rates of the ascending colon, hepatic flexion, transverse colon, splenic flexion, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum in experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The total operation time, intraoperative lesion exploration time, operative blood loss, and hospitalization days of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The average number of lymph nodes detected in the experimental group and the average number of tiny lymph nodes detected were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion In laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer, nano-carbon combined with titanium clips can accurately locate colorectal cancer, shorten the total time of surgery and intraoperative lesion exploration time, reduce the amount of surgical bleeding, shorten the length of hospital stay, guide the selection of surgical incision, increase the number of lymph nodes detected during surgery, reduce the residue of cancer cells, and facilitate the prognosis of patients, with high clinical value.
    7  Preparation of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil curcumin nanoemulsions and its therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis
    XIE Pei,XIA Zidong ,YANG Maoxun,YU Fengyan
    2025, 43(2):166-174. DOI: 10.20227/j.cnki.2096-3610.2025.02.008
    [Abstract](2086) [HTML](215) [PDF 1.25 M](195)
    Abstract:
    Objective Preparation of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil-curcumin nanoemulsions (GLSO@CUR NEs) and explore its therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods GLSO@CUR NEs were formulated, consisting of Tween 80, anhydrous ethanol, spore oil and curcumin were developed. The morphology and size of GLSO@CUR NEs were observed by using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Malvern particle size analyzer was used to test nanoparticles size and Zeta potential. The characteristic chemical structure of Ganoderma spore oil in nano systems was analyzed by using Raman spectroscopy. The chemical bonding in NEs was determined by infrared spectroscopy. And the stability of GLSO@CUR NEs was analyzed under different physiological conditions. The protective effect on UC was explored in mice with UC induced by 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The therapeutic effects of GLSO@CUR NEs on UC mice were observed from several aspects, including colon length, body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon pathological tissue changes, and intestinal barrier function. Results The developed GLSO@CUR NEs had multiple decreasing the DAI, restoring colon length, and improving histological damage (P < 0.05). In addition, GLSO@CUR NEs improved intestinal barrier function by inhibiting DSS induced TNF- α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) production, upregulating IL-4 (interleukin-4), IL-10 (interleukin-10), TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1) and SIgA (secretory IgA) levels, reducing serum D-lactate levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion A nanoparticle formulation, GLSO@CUR NEs, was successfully developed and shown to possess therapeutic efficacy against DSS-induced UC beneficial properties, including fluidity and excellent stability, and the droplets were uniform in shape and size. In the DSS induced UC mice, GLSO@CUR NEs significantly ameliorated colon injury, including increasing body weight,
    8  Preparation and property of nano-copper oxide antibacterial paper of pomegranate pericarp extract
    HUANG Jiefeng HAN Yuting YU Jialin ZHONG Muyi CHENG Fan ZHONG Guoliang ZHONG Wen LIU Jianqiang
    2024, 42(6):590-598.
    [Abstract](696) [HTML](108) [PDF 1.70 M](175)
    Abstract:
    Objective To prepare nano-copper oxide (CuO) antibacterial paper from pomegranate peel extract and analyze its properties. Methods The polyphenols in Tunisian soft-seeded pomegranate pericarp were extracted by Soxhlete extraction method, and the main polyphenolic compound, punicalagin, was co-precipitated with Cu2+ to immobilize nano-CuO. A nanoCuO antibacterial paper was prepared with antibacterial activity of metal and polyphenol substances using hydrothermal method. The antibacterial properties of the synthesized antibacterial paper were tested by inhibition circle test. Results The nano-CuO antibacterial paper was successfully prepared with methanol extract of pomegranate peel (10 g pomegranate peel powder + 100 mL methanol). The optimal preparation scheme of antibacterial performance was: 1.0 mol/L impregnated copper sulfate solution at 60 °C for 600 s. The antibacterial paper synthesized under these conditions showed good inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with average inhibition zone diameters of (20.5±0.8) mm and (18.2±0.4) mm, respectively. Conclusion The nano-CuO antibacterial paper synthesized from the mixture of pomegranate peel methanol extract has good antibacterial effects on E. coli and S. aureus.
    9  Classification and application progress of nanoenzymes in tumor therapy
    ZHANG Dou GAN Huiying HUANG Rikang LIN Yiwei CUI Daxiang YIN Ting
    2024, 42(5):441-448.
    [Abstract](1306) [HTML](12) [PDF 929.63 K](253)
    Abstract:
    Nanoenzymes are nanomaterials with enzymatic activity. Compared with natural enzymes and traditional artificial enzymes, it has the advantages of good stability, low cost, and easy adjustment of physicochemical properties, and has a wide range of applications in industry, medicine, biology and other fields. With the achievements in synthetic design, activity validation, mechanism exploration, and application of nanoenzymes, nanoenzymes have been widely used in the field of tumor therapy and achieved good therapeutic effects. This review provides an overview of the different classifications and catalytic mechanisms of nanoenzymes, as well as their applications and directions of development in tumor therapy, aiming at laying a foundation for the study of a more rational and efficient mode of tumor therapy.

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