Abstract:Nanoenzymes are nanomaterials with enzymatic activity. Compared with natural enzymes and traditional artificial enzymes, it has the advantages of good stability, low cost, and easy adjustment of physicochemical properties, and has a wide range of applications in industry, medicine, biology and other fields. With the achievements in synthetic design, activity validation, mechanism exploration, and application of nanoenzymes, nanoenzymes have been widely used in the field of tumor therapy and achieved good therapeutic effects. This review provides an overview of the different classifications and catalytic mechanisms of nanoenzymes, as well as their applications and directions of development in tumor therapy, aiming at laying a foundation for the study of a more rational and efficient mode of tumor therapy.

Abstract:Abstract: Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and clinical significance of NEIL3(Nei like DNA glycosylase 3) in lung adenocarcinoma tissue, and to identify the effect of NEIL3 on the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of NEIL3 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and the relationship between NEIL3 expression and the clinicopathological parameters, as well as the prognosis of patients were analyzed. After knockdown of NEIL3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cell A549 through short hairpin RNA (shRNA), colony formation assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay and flow cytometry were employed to detect the alterations in cell proliferation. Changes of proliferation-related molecules Cyclin D1 and AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway were detected by using Western blot. Results NEIL3 expression was correlated with clinical stage, T stage and the overall survival time of lung adenocarcinoma patients (P<0.05). Down-regulation of NEIL3 induced G0/G1 phase arrest in A549 cells and inhibited cell proliferation in vitro (P<0.05). Mechanically, inhibition of NEIL3 promoted the proteasomal degradation of Cyclin D1. Additionally, down-regulation of NEIL3 suppressed the activation of the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway(P<0.05). Conclusion NEIL3 may promote the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells through the activation of AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway, which in turn inhibits the proteasomal degradation of Cyclin D1.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the impact of different feeds on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. Methods Sixty-eight mice were randomly allocated into two groups, each receiving feeds A (n=42) and B (n=26). After adaptive feeding, they were randomly divided into control group [ACtr group (n=21) and BCtr group (n=6)] and DSS group [A25 DSS group (n=21), B25 DSS group (n=6), B30 DSS group (n=6), B35 DSS group (n=8)]. Control group drank sterile water freely for 11 days. DSS group drank the corresponding concentration of DSS solution freely for 7 days, and then sterile water for 4 days. At the end of the experiment, the body mass, disease activity index (DAI), colitis symptoms and mortality were evaluated. Results After modeling, there was no significant difference in body weight among A25 DSS, B25 DSS, B30 DSS and B35 DSS groups (P>0.05). DAI of A25 DSS group was significantly higher than that of B25 DSS group (P<0.0001), but similar to B30 DSS and B35 DSS groups (P>0.05). The mortality was significantly higher in A25 DSS group than in B25 DSS, B30 DSS and B35 DSS groups (P<0.001). Conclusion High nutrient diet may be beneficial to the establishment of DSS-induced UC model.

Abstract:Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the value of different neuroendoscopic approaches for the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH）in the basal ganglia region. Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted on 162 patients with HICH in the basal ganglia region who underwent neuroendoscopic treatment in Dongguan Kanghua Hospital from April 2020 to April 2024. The patients were divided into three groups (A, B, and C) based on the different endoscopic approaches, with 54 cases in each group. Group A was treated with translateral fissure-insula approach, Group B was treated with translateral frontal lobe approach, and Group C was treated with translateral temporal lobe cortex approach. The perioperative indicators, cerebral blood flow perfusion indicators, complications during treatment, and prognosis of three groups were compared. Results The clearance rate of hematoma in groups A and B was significantly higher than that in group C, and the length of stay in NICU and hospital was shorter than that in group C, and the performance in group A was more significant, but the operation time of group A was significantly longer than that of group B and C (P<0.01 or 0.05). On day 1 after operation, the local cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 3 groups were significantly higher than before operation, and the mean time to passage of contrast agent (MTT) was shorter than before operation, and the performance in group A was more significant (P<0.01 or 0.05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of intraoperative complications among the three groups (P>0.05). Group A had the best prognosis, followed by group B (P<0.0125). Conclusion The translateral fissure-insula approach can improve hematoma clearance rate, cerebral blood flow perfusion, and therapeutic effect, shorten the time of admission to NICU and hospitalization, but the surgical time is long.

Abstract:Abstract: Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS) is difficult to diagnose preoperatively due to its lack of typical clinical manifestations and imaging features, and is easily misdiagnosed as other types of benign or malignant lesions of the uterus. This paper presents a case of peritoneal disseminated leiomyomatosis with intravenously leiomyoma, and postoperative pathological diagnosis of LG-ESS pelvic spread with venous tumor embolus. Following a review of the literature, the experience and deficiencies in diagnosis and treatment were discussed in order to improve doctors’ understanding of the disease and reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Abstract:Objective To identify obesity-related genes and signaling pathways, computational tools and publicly available data were used to analyze the potential mechanisms of acupuncture for the treatment of obesity, and to initially explore the differential genes of acupuncture in the expression of obesity-associated cancers. Methods Text mining methods were used to search the genes highly associated with“obesity”“leptin” and “acupuncture”by GenCLIP 3, and then David’s functional enrichment for GO analysis and KEGG analysis, and the String database was used to identify the difference genes. Finally, the Boxplot and Survival Analysis of the core genes were performed by the Gene Expression Profiling Interaction Analysis (GEPIA) database. Results 14 key genes, including adiponectin (ADIPOQ), leptin (LEP), and insulin (INS), were screened, which were mainly enriched in 10 pathways, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, adipocytokine signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, insulin secretion, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway, etc. The results of GEPIA screening showed that interleukin 6 (IL6) was important in the expression of both pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Conclusion Acupuncture therapy may improve obesity by regulating genes such as ADIPOQ, LEP, and INS and participating in signaling pathways such as AMPK, while acupuncture can assist in the treatment of PAAD, which provides new ideas for the treatment of obesity.

Abstract:Objective To observe the intervention effect of empowerment-based nutrition clinic education on prediabetic patients. Methods Forty-eight prediabetic patients received empowerment-based (empowerment group) or traditional (routine group) nutrition clinical education for 3 months. The diabetes-associated psychosocial self-efficacy, poor diet and exercise habits, BMI, blood glucose and lipids, uric acid and insulin were compared between 2 groups. Results All observation indicators were improved in both groups after intervention (P<0.01). The diabetes-associated psychosocial self-efficacy, poor eating and exercise habits, blood glucose and lipids, and uric acid in empowerment group were superior to those in routine group (P<0.05). Conclusion The empowerment-based nutrition clinic education exerts more effective improvements on the self-efficacy, poor diet and exercise habits, and glucolipid metabolism of prediabetic patients.

Abstract:Abstract: Objective To investigate the triamcinolone acetonide acetate and econazole nitrate cream plus lupatadine Fumarate in the treatment of moderate acute hand eczema (HE). Methods A total of 110 patients with moderate acute HE were randomly treated with triamcinolone acetonide acetate and econazole nitrate cream (control group) or triamcinolone acetonide acetate and econazole nitrate cream plus lupatadine fumarate (observation group) for 14 days. Curative effect, degree of itching, and quality of life were determined by Eczema area and severity index, Visual Analogue Score (VAS), dermatology life quality index (DLQI) scoring table. The levels of Th1 cells (IL-2, TNF-α) and Th2 cells (IL-4, IL-5) in two groups were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the observation group showed significantly higher concentrations of IL-2 and TNF-α after 14 days of treatment, while the concentrations of IL-4 and IL-5 were significantly lower (P<0.01 or 0.05). The VAS score and DLQI score of the observation group after 14 days of treatment were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion The treatment of moderate acute HE with triamcinolone acetonide acetate and econazole nitrate cream plus lupatadine fumarate can correct the imbalance of Th1/ Th2 cell subpopulation differentiation, reduce itching severity, and improve patient quality of life.

Abstract:Non-small cell lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, acute lung injury, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis are major global health issues. Ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death dependent on intracellular Fe2+ accumulation and lipid peroxidation, has provided new therapeutic targets for these pulmonary diseases. Research indicates that iron chelators and antioxidants can influence cell fate by modulating iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Investigating ferroptosis to develop new intervention strategies, such as small molecule inhibitors targeting the ferroptosis pathway, could significantly improve treatment outcomes for pulmonary diseases. This review summarized the role of ferroptosis in lung diseases and its therapeutic potential, aiming to offer new insights and perspectives for the treatment of pulmonary disorders.

Abstract:Abstract: Apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death, is important in tumor research because it involves the timely removal of aged, damaged or abnormal cells and prevents their further growth and spread. The tumor microenvironment (TME) provides the necessary survival conditions for tumor initiation and progression. Through the inhibition of the apoptotic pathways or the enhancement of anti-apoptotic pathways, tumor cells might evade the normal process of cellular selfdestruction in this complex environment. This can result in uncontrolled growth and drug resistance. In order to provide a theoretical foundation for the development of more focused anti-cancer treatments, this article reviews recent developments in the study of apoptosis in tumorigenesis and development from a TME viewpoint.

Abstract:Polyamine metabolism plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions in the central nervous system and other organs. More and more studies have shown that polyamine metabolism is closely related to the pathological changes of schizophrenia. In patients with schizophrenia and in animal models of the disease, it has been confirmed that there are changes in the polyamines, their precursors, derivatives, metabolic enzymes and expression of related genes. This article reviews the research progress of polyamine metabolism in schizophrenia, in order to provide a new idea for schizophrenia treatment targeting polyamine metabolism.

Abstract:Bacterial biofilm (BF) is a complex three-dimensional structure formed by bacteria on the surface of an object that is highly resistant to drugs and environmentally adapted.The formation of BF is an important way for bacteria to adapt to the environment and lead to persistent infections, and its presence poses a serious threat to human health. The bacterial phosphotransferase system (PTS), a key system for bacterial sugar uptake and metabolism of sugars, plays a crucial role in bacterial metabolism and signaling through a unique phosphorylation cascade reaction PTS precisely regulating sugar transport and metabolism, which in turn affects bacterial physiological states and behavioral patterns. This article provides a review of the progress of research on the effects of key components of PTS on its BF in different bacteria.

Abstract:Following liver injury, hepatic stellate cells become activated, a process leading to liver fibrosis. During activation, hepatic stellate cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to satisfy the enormous energy requirements necessary for their proliferation and secretion of extracellular matrix. This reprogramming entails alterations in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. A comprehensive understanding of these metabolic alterations can aid in the development of novel antihepatic fibrosis therapies, aimed at mitigating liver fibrosis by targeting the metabolic reprogramming of hepatic stellate cells to inhibit their activation. In this article, we review the metabolic reprogramming of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in hepatic stellate cells at the onset of liver fibrosis and discuss the role of these alterations in the progression of the condition.

Abstract:Objective The objective of this study is to construct a predictive model through analyzing the related factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension, aiming to achieve early detection and treatment. Methods A total of 475 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension from the Endocrinology Department of Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Hospital and Affiliated Second Hospital from March to December 2022 were selected as the case group, while 505 healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations during the same period were chosen as the control group. The feature variables selected by Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression were used as inputs for Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Logistic Regression models. The best predictive model was obtained through Bayesian optimization and iterative training with cross-validation. Finally, feature importance ranking and Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) were utilized for interpretation analysis. Results The feature selection results indicated that glucose in urine (GLU) (OR=1.189, 95%CI=1.170~1.208, P<0.05), family history of diabetes (OR=1.341, 95% CI=1.273~1.411, P<0.05), age (OR=1.006, 95%CI=1.004~1.009, P<0.05), body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.017, 95% CI=1.010~1.023, P<0.05), heart rate (HR) (OR=1.004, 95% CI=1.003~1.006, P<0.05), education level (OR=0.954, 95%CI=0.934~0.975, P<0.05), and place of residence (OR=0.958, 95% CI=0.931~0.985, P<0.05) were the main feature variables. Experimental results of the algorithms showed that after parameter optimization, RF and XGBoost models outperformed the Logistic Regression model, with XGBoost accuracy at 92.85%, slightly higher than RF accuracy at 92.34%. The results of feature importance show that the influenCIng factors of type 2 diabetes combined with hypertension are ranked in the following order of importance: GLU, family history of diabetes, education level, residential area, age, BMI, and heart rate (HR). Among these, GLU, family history of diabetes, age, BMI, and HR are risk factors, while education level and residential area serve as protective factors. Conclusion The XGBoost-based predictive model for type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension exhibited better performance. By enhanCIng the model’s interpretability using the SHAP model, it could identify the disease’s risk factors, providing reference for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension.

Abstract:Objective To identify key genes associated with the dysregulation of the immune microenvironment in tendon injury. Methods In the GSE26051 dataset, we constructed a weighted gene co-expression network based on differentially expressed gene profiles selected using the Wilcoxon test to identify gene modules related to tendon injury. We employed the “ClusterProfiler”package for functional annotation and enrichment analysis of the genes, and used the“igraph”package to construct a gene interaction network and assess node importance. Key genes were determined through comprehensive ranking using Q statistics. Additionally, the“ssGSEA”and“ConsensusClusterPlus”packages were utilized to quantify and cluster the immune microenvironment states of the samples. We analyzed the differences in immune cell infiltration under different states and examined the relationships between key genes and the immune microenvironment states, followed by validation. Results Based on the profiles of 2,571 differentially expressed genes, weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified the blue, green, and yellow modules as disease-associated gene modules. Within these modules, 992 genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to extracellular matrix-receptor interactions, the cell cycle, and collagen metabolism. The ranking of Q statistics indicated that ASPM, CCNB1, CENPF, CDCA5, and C1QTNF6 are key genes. Clustering analysis revealed that patients with tendon injuries can be classified into different immune microenvironment states. The five key genes exhibited higher expression levels and better diagnostic performance in the immune-activated state, and the association between their expression levels and immune activation was also validated. Conclusion ASPM, CCNB1, CENPF, CDCA5, and C1QTNF6 are key genes involved in the dysregulation of the immune microenvironment in tendon injuries.