Research progress on the environmental distribution of micro- and nanoplastics and their nephrotoxicity

Abstract:

With the increasing global production and utilization of plastic products, micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) have emerged as pervasive environmental contaminants. Notably, MNPs have been detected in human kidneys, with growing evidence indicating their potential to induce renal dysfunction, structural damage, and subsequent health risks. Given the kidney's critical roles in waste excretion, endocrine regulation, blood pressure homeostasis, and the maintenance of fluid and acid-base balance, investigating the environmental distribution of MNPs and their nephrotoxic effects is of significant importance. This review synthesizes current research on the distribution of MNPs across various environmental media and their bioaccumulation in organisms, with a focus on recent advances in understanding their nephrotoxicity. By systematically evaluating the adverse effects of MNPs on renal health in both animals and humans, this study aims to provide a scientific basis for environmental monitoring and human health risk assessment.