肝癌血管包裹肿瘤细胞团的研究进展

Research progress of endothelial cell encapsulation of tumor clusters in hepatocellular carcinoma

摘要:

近年来发现一种新的肝癌转移机制，即血管包裹肿瘤细胞团（VETC），其作为一种独特的组织学血管 模式，独立于大部分肝细胞癌的转移机制即上皮间质转化。VETC被多次证明是肝癌患者疾病复发和总生存率的 独立预测因子。本文对VETC进行全面综述，深入剖析其发病机制，从分子、细胞层面阐述肿瘤发生发展根源；详细 阐述临床病理特征，包括临床表现、病理组织学形态及免疫组化特点；系统归纳影像学特征，涵盖超声、CT、MRI等 检查手段下的影像表现，为该疾病的诊疗提供理论依据；阐述其作为独立预后因子对肝细胞癌复发及生存的预测 作用，并展望免疫联合靶向治疗、多组学模型构建等未来方向。

Abstract:

In recent years, a new metastasis mechanism, vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC), has been discovered. It represents a unique histological vascular pattern that is largely independent of the transfer mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), specifically the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. VETC has been repeatedly shown to be an independent predictor of disease recurrence and overall survival in HCC patients. This article provides a comprehensive review of VETC, deeply dissecting its pathogenesis and elaborating on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying tumor development. It details the clinicopathological characteristics, including clinical manifestations, histopathological morphology, and immunohistochemical features. Additionally, the article systematically summarizes the imaging characteristics, covering the imaging findings of ultrasound, CT, MRI, and other examination methods, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.Moreover, this article expounds on its role as an independent prognostic factor in predicting the recurrence and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma and looks ahead to future directions such as immune-combined targeted therapy and the construction of multi-omics models.