我国公众医学科普需求及影响因素分析

Analysis of public medical science popularization demand and influencing factors in China

摘要:

目的 了解我国公众对医学科普的需求现状与影响因素，为医学科普工作者提供参考。方法 采用 文献分析和专家讨论形成《公众医学科普需求调查表》，包括人口学信息、公众对医学科普的需求及对医学科普的 认知。2022年10－11月，全国范围内按照东部、中部、西部和东北地区人口比例进行多阶段抽样，选取8 272名志愿 者进行问卷调查。采用统计描述、χ2 检验和二元 logistics 回归进行统计分析。结果 有效问卷共计 7 212 份 （87.2%，7 212/8 272）；公众对医学科普内容的需求最高为急救技能类（45.6%，3 290/7 212），最低为就医指导类 （30.1%，2 170/7 212）；公众对医学科普类型的需求最高为图文并茂类材料（57.2%，4 127/7 212），最低为声像材料 （38.2%，2 756/7 212）；公众对医学科普形式的需求最高为科普讲座（58.2%，4 196/7 212），最低为科普展览（41.3%， 2 975/7 212）；对医学科普渠道需求最高为新闻软件（46.2%，3 335/7 212），最低为图书馆（23.4%，1 689/7 212）。 logistics回归分析显示，性别、职业、婚姻情况对医学科普内容的需求有影响；性别、职业、文化程度及地区对医学科 普类型的需求有影响；文化程度和职业对医学科普形式的需求有影响；地区、健康状况和户籍对医学科普渠道的需 求有影响（P < 0.05）。结论 我国公众对医学科普表现出较高的需求，呈多层次需求态势，应针对不同人口学特征， 充分利用现有资源优化医学科普传播策略，结合具体渠道特点以实现最优的传播效果。

Abstract:

Objective To solve the current situation and influencing factors of the public’s demand for medical science popularization in China and to provide reference for medical science popularization workers. Methods Literature analysis and expert discussion were used to form the questionnaire of public Medical Science Popularization needs. The questionnaire consists of three parts: demographic information, the public's demand for medical science popularization, and the cognition of medical science popularization. From October to November 2022, 8,272 volunteers were selected nationwide according to the population proportion in eastern, central, western, and northeastern China. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical description, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. Results A total of 7, 212 valid questionnaires were collected (87.2%, 7212/8272); the public's highest demand for medical science popularization content was for first aid skills (45.6%, 3290/7212), and the lowest was for medical guidance (30.1%, 2170/7212); the public's highest demand for types of medical science popularization materials was for those with both text and images (57.2%, 4127/7212), and the lowest was for audiovisual materials (38.2%, 2756/7212); the public's highest demand for forms of medical science popularization was for medical science popularization lectures (58.2%, 4196/7212), and the lowest was for medical science popularization exhibitions (41.3%, 2975/7212); the public’s highest demand for channels of medical science popularization was for news apps (46.2%, 3335/7212), and the lowest was for libraries (23.4%, 1689/7212). Logistic regression analysis shows that gender, occupation and marriage have an impact on the demand for medical science popularization content. Gender, occupation, education level, and region have influence on the demand of medical science popularization types. Education level and occupation have influence on the demand of medical popular science form. Region, health status and household registration had influence on the demand for medical science popularization channels (P<0.05). Conclusion The Chinese public shows high demand for medical science popularization, showing a multi-level demand trend. According to different demographic characteristics, utilize existing resources to optimize the medical science communication strategy and realize the optimal communication effect with specific channel characteristics.