影响长寿老人认知功能的多因素分析

Multifactorial analysis on the cognitive function of long-lived individuals

摘要:

摘 要：目的 分析和评估影响长寿老人（90 岁以上）认知功能因素。方法 利用中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查 数据（2018）分析影响长寿汉族老人认知功能的关键因素并在 2014 年数据予以验证。调查因素包括性别、居住地、生活 习惯及罹患疾病 4 个方面。使用简易智能评分评估认知功能，纳入 90 岁以上个体。有序逻辑回归用以评价因素与认知 功能的相关性。结果 删除痴呆患者后，女性认知功能障碍明显高于男性OR (95% CI)为 1.81(1.54~2.12)；其他因素如经 常食用水果、蔬菜、饮茶、饮酒（现在）、运动（现在）和高血压等，与认知功能障碍明显负相关，它们的OR (95% CI)分别为 0.71(0.58~0.87)、0.42（0.31~0.56）、0.77（0.64~0.93）、0.69（0.53~0.90）、0.44（0.36~0.55）和 0.66（0.57~0.77），均P<0.05； 而糖尿病与抽烟与认知功能障碍无关（均P>0.05）。结论 影响长寿老人认知功能的因素与普通人群并不完全相同，一些 有害于普通人群认知功能的因素如抽烟、饮酒、糖尿病和高血压对长寿老人的影响较小甚至相反，提示对长寿老人相关 疾病的诊疗需要综合考虑。

Abstract:

Objective To determine the factors that affect cognitive functions in the long-lived individuals (90 years old or above). Method We took advantage of the datasets from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey 2018 for discovery and 2014 for validation purpose, respectively. The included factors covered gender, residence, lifestyle, and illness. The individuals at the age of 90 or plus were enrolled into the study and an ordered logistic regression analysis was used to assess how the factors correlate with cognitive function. Results After exclusion of those with dementia, it was found that the cognitive impairment in females was significantly higher than that in males with OR(95%CI) of 1.81(1.54-2.12). Other factors such as fruits, vegetables, tea drinking, alcohol consumption (present), exercise (present), and hypertension were negatively correlated to the cognitive impairment with OR(95%CI) of 0.71(0.58-0.87)、0.42（0.31-0.56）、0.77（0.64-0.93）、0.69（0.53- 0.90）、0.44（0.36-0.55）and 0.66（0.57-0.77）, all P<0.05. Diabetes and smoking exhibited no correlations with cognitive dysfunction (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with general population, the long-lived individuals present differential responses to risk factors, such as smoking, alcoholic consumption, diabetes, and hypertension, for cognitive impairments. These findings may have potential implications in the improvement of cognitive functions and in the treatment of other common agerelated diseases.