氧气生理学和氧毒性机制的研究进展

Oxygen physiology and mechanisms of oxygen toxicity: A review on recent developments

关键词:  氧气  三羧酸循环  性别  年龄  氧毒性  ROS

Key words:  oxygen  tricarboxylic acid cycle  gender  age  oxygen toxicity  ROS

摘要:

氧气对地球的生命至关重要。人类通过呼吸所获得的氧气在线粒体内被消耗，主要用于氧化磷酸化产生能 量。氧气过少或过多都容易对人类产生极大的危害。氧气过少时，可导致组织器官供氧不足，出现功能障碍，严重者可致 死亡；氧气过多时，机体不能消耗多余的氧气，使细胞处于高氧状态，导致大量的ROS（Reactive Oxygen Species）产生，进 一步引起细胞膜和细胞器的氧化损伤导致氧毒性。虽然人体有多种氧感应机制防止器官和细胞遭受低氧和高氧诱导的 氧化应激，但在给氧治疗中，尤其是老年人吸氧过程中，连续实时的个体化监测与指导仍尤为重要，应尽量在避免或减少 氧毒性的同时纠正低氧血症和组织缺氧。

Abstract:

Oxygen is essential to life on Earth. The oxygen obtained by human respiration is consumed within the mitochondria, mainly for oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy. Too little or too much oxygen can easily cause great harm to humans. When oxygen is too low, it can lead to insufficient oxygen supply to tissues and organs, resulting in dysfunction and death in severe cases. When there is too much Oxygen, the body cannot consume the excess oxygen, so that the cells are in a state of high oxygen, resulting in the production of a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further causes oxidative damage to the cell membrane and organelles, leading to oxygen toxicity. Although the human body has multiple oxygen-sensing mechanisms to prevent organs and cells from suffering from hypoxia and hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress, but in oxygen therapy, especially in the process of oxygen inhalation in the elderly, continuous real-time individualized monitoring and guidance are still particularly important, in order to maximally avoid or reduce oxygen toxicity during the treatments for hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia correction.